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A representation of a space suit from comic with a basic cel-shader (also known as a toon shader) and border detection Cel shading or toon shading is a type of designed to make 3-D appear to be flat by using less shading color instead of a. Cel- is often used to mimic the style of a or and/or give it a characteristic paper-like texture. There are similar techniques that can make an image look like a sketch, an oil painting or an ink painting.

It is somewhat recent, appearing from around the beginning of the twenty-first century. The name comes from (short for ), the clear sheets of acetate, which are painted on for use in traditional 2D animation. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • Process [ ] The cel-shading process starts with a typical. Where cel-shading differs from conventional rendering is in its non-photorealistic.

Conventional (smooth) lighting values are calculated for each pixel and then to a small number of discrete shades to create the characteristic flat look – where the shadows and highlights appear as blocks of color rather than being mixed smoothly. Black 'ink' outlines and contour lines can be created using a variety of methods. One popular method is to first render a black outline, slightly larger than the object itself. Is inverted and the back-facing triangles are drawn in black. To dilate the silhouette, these back faces may be drawn in multiple times with slight changes in translation. Alternatively, back-faces may be rendered solid-filled, with their vertices translated along their vertex normals in a. Reshebnik praktikum po matematike dlya podgotovki k ct fedorako 2.

After drawing the outline, back-face culling is set back to normal to draw the shading and optional textures of the object. Finally, the image is composited via, as the back-faces always lie deeper in the scene than the front-faces. The result is that the object is drawn with a black outline and interior contour lines. The term 'cel-shading' is popularly used to refer to the application of this 'ink' outlining process in animation and games, although originally the term referred to the shading technique regardless of whether the outline was applied. The rendered using cel-shading: • The back faces are drawn with thick lines • The object is drawn with a basic texture • Shading Steps 2 and 3 can be combined using multi-texturing (see ).